The Kings List

 

Elam
Ešnunna
Mari
Edom
Hittites
Hurrians
Medes & Persians
Armenians

 

 

Elam

The Elamites were among the most ancient nations that organized a sort of empire in early times. Their history begins with a close relationship with Sumer and, being their territory outside Mesopotamia and outside the region towards the Mesopotamian conquests were usually directed, they had almost always their own national rulers, even under foreign suzerainty, until the ultimate Assyrian conquest by Ashurbanipal.

Kings of Elam

Avan Dynasty
Kings

Years (Jewish / b.c.e.)
Peli

1260 (?) / 2500 (?)
Igrish'halam
ca. 1300 / 2460
Irkab'damu

ca. 1310 / 2450
Ar'ennum

ca. 1340 / 2420
Tata

 
Ukku'takhesh

 
Khishur

 
Shushun'tarana

 
Napil'khush

 
Kikku'sive'temti

 
Lukh'ishshan [under Akkad]

ca. 1410 / 2350
Khishep-Ratep [under Akkad]

 
Khelu
ca. 1460 / 2300
Khita
ca. 1485 / 2275
Kutik'inshushinak
ca. 1520 / 2240
Tazitta I
Eparti
Tazitta II

ca. 1640 / 2120

Simash Dynasty

Kings

Years (Jewish / b.c.e.)
Gir'namme

ca. 1730 / 2030
Enpi'luhhan

  ca. 1750 / 2010
Khutran-Temtt

 
Kindattu

 
Indattu'inshushinak I

 
Tan'rrukhurater

 
Indattu'inshushinak II

 
Indattu'napir

 
Indattu'tempt

 

Ukkalmah Dynasty

Kings

Years (Jewish / b.c.e.)
Eparat I Silhaha

 
Eparat II Pala'ishan

 
Eparat III Kuk-Kirmash

ca. 1910 / 1850
Shilkhaha

 
Attakhushu

ca. 1930 / 1830
Sirukdukh

ca. 1968 / 1792
Shimut'wartash
ca. 1988 / 1772
Kudur'lahumur

 


Babylonian Dynasty

Kings

Years (Jewish / b.c.e.)
Siwe-Palar'khuppak

1990-2015 / 1770-1745
Kuduzulush I

2015-2030 / 1745-1730
Kudur'nahhunte I

2030-2060 / 1730-1700
Lila'ir'tash

2060-2062 / 1700-1698
Temti'agun I

2062-2070 / 1698-1690
Tan'uli

2070-2105 / 1690-1655
Temti'khalki

2105-2110 / 1655-1650
Kuk-Nashur II

 2110-2125 / 1650-1635
Kutir'shilkhaha I

2125-2135 / 1635-1625
Temti'raptash

2135-2155 / 1625-1605
Kuduzulush II

2155-2160 / 1605-1600
Tata

2160-2180 / 1600-1580
Atta-Merra'khalki

2180-2190 / 1580-1570
Pala'ishshan

2190-2215 / 1570-1545
Kuk'kirwash

2215-2240 / 1545-1520
Kuk'nahhunte

2240-2255 / 1520-1505
Kudur'nahhunte II

2255 / 1505
Kidinuid Dynasty (2300-2360 / 1460-1400)

Igehalkid Dynasty
Kings

Years (Jewish / b.c.e.)
Ige'halki (Huspatilla)

2410-2430 / 1350-1330
Pakhir'ishshan
2430-2450 / 1330-1310
Attar'kittakh

2450-2460 / 1310-1300
Pakhir'ishshan

2430-2450 / 1330-1310
Khuman'numena (Hupan-numena)

2460-2485 / 1300-1275
Untash'naprisha (Untash'hupan)

2485-2520 / 1275-1240
Unpatar'naprisha
2520-2525 / 1240-1235
Kiddin'khutran

2525-2550 / 1235-1210
Shutrukid Dynasty
Kings

Years (Jewish / b.c.e.)
Khallutush'inshushinak

2555-2575 / 1205-1185
Shutruk'nahhunte I

2575-2605 / 1185-1155
Kudur'nahhunte III

2605-2610 / 1155-1150
Shilkhak'inshushinak

2610-2640 / 1150-1120
Khutelutush'inshushinak

2640-2650 / 1120-1110
Humban'nimena
2650-... / 1110-...
Shilhana'hamru'lagamar

 

Haltami Dynasty

Kings

Years (Jewish/b.c.e.)
Khumbantahrah

3000-3018 / 760-742
Khumban'nigash I

3018-3043 / 742-717
Shuttir'nakhkhunte (Shutruk'nahhunte II)

3043-3061 / 717-699
Khallushu'inshushinak (Hallutush)

3061-3067 / 699-693
Kudur'nakhkhunte IV

3067-3068 / 693-692
Khumma'menanu

3068-3071 / 692-689
Khumma'khaldash I

3071-3079 / 689-681
Khumma'khaldash II

3079-3084 / 681-676

 

 Shilhak'inshushinak

3080-3107 / 680-653
Urtaku
3084-3096 / 676-664
Tempti-Khumma'inshushinak
3096-3107 / 664-653
Atta-Khumma'inshushinak

3107-3112 / 653-648

 

 Khumbanigash II

3107-3109 / 653-651
Tammaritu
3109-3111 / 651-649
Indabigash, Hatta'namiti'inshushinak

3111-3113 / 649-647
Khumma'khaldash III

3113-3116 / 647-644

 

 

Ešnunna

Situated in the Diyala valley, Ešnunna was a Sumerian city-state that by its strategic position had in the early period an important role among the main civilized structures. In the crossroad between Elam, Sumer and Assyria, developed intense exchange also with the Kingdom of Mari. Its history as an independent entity ends with its annexation to the rising Babylon by Hammurapi.

Kings of Ešnunna

Kings

Years (Jewish / b.c.e.)
Shu'iliya

~ 1730 / ~ 2030
Nur'ahum
 
Kirikiri

 
Bilalama

 
Ishar'ramashshu

 
Usur'awasu

~ 1820 / ~ 1940
Abimadar
 
Azuzum

 
Ur-Ninkimara (Ur-Ninmar)

 
Ur-Ningishzidda

 
Ipiq'adad I

 
Abdi'erach
 
Shiqlanum
 
Sharriya

~ 1865 / ~ 1895
Abimadar
Belakim

 
Warassa
Ibalpi'el I
Ipiq'adad II
~ 1920 / ~ 1840
Dannum'tahaz
Iqish'tishpak
Naram'sin
1935-1945 / 1825-1815
Dadusha

1945-1973 / 1815-1787
Ibalpi'el II
1973-1995 / 1787-1765
Silli'sin
~ 2010 / ~ 1750
Iluni
~ 2033 / ~ 1727
Ahushina
~ 2060 / ~ 1700

 

Mari

Mari was the most important capital of the Amorites. Reached its highest splendour under king Zimri-Lim, but like her allied Ešnunna, fell under Babylon being conquered by Hammurapi.

Kings of Mari

Kings

Years (Jewish / b.c.e.)
Il'shu

~ 1260 (?) / ~ 2500 (?)
Lamgi'mari
 
Ikunshamash

 
Ikunshamgan

 
Ishki'mari

 
Anubu

 
Sa'umu
 
Itup-Ishtar

 
Ebih'il

~ 1360 (?) / ~ 2400 (?)
Nizi

 
Ennadagan

 
Ikun-Ishtar
 
Hida'ar
~ 1410 (?) / ~ 2350 (?)

Shakkanakku Dynasty

Kings

Years (Jewish / b.c.e.)
Ididish

 
Shudagan

 
Ishmedagan

 
Nūr-Mźr

 
Ishtub'el

~ 1610 / ~ 2150
Ishgum'addu

 
Apīl'kīn

 
Iddin'el

 
Ilī'ishtar

 
Turāmdagan

 
Puzur'ishtar

 
Hitlal'erra

~ 1760 / ~ 2000
Hanundagan

 

Amorite Dynasty

Kings

Years (Jewish / b.c.e.)
Yaggid-Lim

 
Yahdun-Lim

1945-1962 / 1815-1798
Sumū'yamam

...1968 / ...-1792
Iasmah'adad

...1985 / ...-1775
Zimri-Lim

1985-1999 / 1775-1761

 

 

Edom

The Hebrew-Hurrian kingdom of Edom arose around Mount Se'ir and was likely the homeland of the Hyksos that ruled over Egypt.

Kingdom of Edom

Kings

Years (Jewish / b.c.e.)
Bela ben-Be'or

~ 1960 / ~ 1800
Yovav ben-Zerach
~ 1990 / ~ 1770
Chusham

~ 2020 / ~ 1740
Hadad ben-Bedad

~ 2040 / ~ 1720
Simlah

~ 2060 / ~ 1700
Shaul

~ 2080 / ~ 1680
Ba'al-hanan ben-Akhbor
~ 2120 / ~ 1640
Hadar

~ 2140 / ~ 1620
Timnah
~ 2400 / ~ 1360
Aliah
Jetheth
Oholibamah
Elah
Pinon
Kenaz
Teyman
Mibzar
Magdiel
~ 2745 / ~ 1015
Iram
~ 2775 / ~  985

 

 

 

The Hittites

The Hittites were split into different groups covering a vast area between Asia Minor and Canaan, and founded a powerful state in Anatolia with capital in Hattusas, located in the area of present-day Bogazköy. The original Hittites, or "Hatti", were replaced by another group of different ethnic background, the usually known as "Hittites" in history. Their independence ended under the Assyrian conquest.

Hattian Kingdom

Kanish

Kings

Years (Jewish / b.c.e.)
Pamba

~ ? / ~ ?
Hurmeli

~ 1925 / ~ 1835
Harpatiwa

~ 1930 / ~ 1830
Inar

Warshama

Zuzzu

Zalwar

Kings

Years (Jewish / b.c.e.)
Anum-Herwa

Kushshar

Kings

Years (Jewish / b.c.e.)
Pitkhana

~ 1900 / ~ 1860
Piyushti

Anitta

~ 1910 / ~ 1850
Peruwa

Kings of the Hittites

Kings

Years (Jewish / b.c.e.)
Tudhaliyas I (Tid'al)

2020-2050 / 1740-1710
Pu'sarruma
2050-2080 / 1710-1680
Papahdilmah
Labarnas I

2080-2110 / 1680-1650
Hattusilis I

2110-2140 / 1650-1620
Mursilis I

2140-2170 / 1620-1590
Hantilis I & Harapsilis (queen)

2170-2200 / 1590-1560
Zidantas I
2200-2215 / 1560-1545
Ammunas

2215-2230 / 1545-1530
Huzziya I

2230-2235 / 1530-1525
Telepinus

2235-2260 / 1525-1500
Tahurwaili

2260 / 1500
Alluwamnas
2260-2270 / 1500-1490
Hantilis II
2270-2280 / 1490-1480
Zidantas II

2280-2290 / 1480-1470
Huzziya II
2290-2300 / 1470-1460
Muwatallis I

2300-2301 / 1460-1459
Tudhaliyas II
2301-2320 / 1459-1440
Arnuwandas I
2320-2340 / 1440-1420
Hattusilis II
2340-2360 / 1420-1400
Tudhaliyas III
2360-2380 / 1400-1380
Suppiluliumas I
2380-2414 / 1380-1346
Arnuwandas II
2414-2415 / 1346-1345
Mursilis II

2415-2445 / 1345-1315
Muwatallis II
2445-2464 / 1315-1296
Urhi'teshub (Mursilis III)
2464-2471 / 1296-1289
Hattusilis III
2471-2495 / 1289-1265
Tudhaliyas IV
2495-2525 / 1265-1235
Arnuwandas III
2525-2545 / 1235-1215
Kuruntas
Tudhaliyas V  
Arnuwandas IV  
Suppiluliumas II
~ 2560 / ~ 1200

 

 

The Hurrians

The Hurrians were the oldest of the Indo-European peoples, whose language was the earliest form of Sanskrit. They had different settlements between the Caucasus and Mount Se'ir (Edom), and some organized states in Northern Mesopotamia (Arrapkha, Nuzi) of which the most relevant was Hanigalbat, with capital in Washukkana, ruled by the Mitanni, an allied people.

Hurrian Kingdom of Mitanni

Kings

Years (Jewish / b.c.e.)
Kirta

2260-2270 / 1500-1490
Shuttarna I
2270-2290 / 1490-1470
Barattarna I

2290-2310 / 1470-1450
Parsatatar

2310-2320 / 1450-1440
Saushshatar

2320-2340 / 1440-1420
Barattarna II

2340-2350 / 1420-1410
Artatama I
2350-2360 / 1410-1400
Shuttarna II

2360-2375 / 1400-1385
Artashshumara

2375-2380 / 1385-1380
Tushratta (Dushratta)

2380-2410 / 1380-1350
Artatama II

2410-2420 / 1350-1340
Sattiwaza (Mattiwaza)
2420-2440 / 1340-1320
Kurtiwaza
2440-2445 / 1330-1315
Shuttarna III

2445-2450 / 1315-1310
Sattvara I
2450-2460 / 1310-1300
Varashatta (Wasashatta)

2460-2480 / 1300-1280
Sattvara II
2480-2490 / 1280-1270

 

 

The Medes

The Medes are often confused with the Mitanni only by an apparent name resemblance, but they were a different people. The Assyrians distinguished very clearly between Mitanni (Mata) and Medes (Manda) - besides their territories, that were situated by the opposite borders of Assyria, being the Mitanni in the west and the Medes in the east. The Medes indeed seem to have been rather related with the Scythians before they were allied with the Persians - that afterwards became the most important of the two partners.

Kings of the Medes

Kings

Years (Jewish / b.c.e.)
Varbaaxshatta

 
Modakku
Sosarmas  
Artaxshatra  
Xshatrita I

~ 3010 / ~ 750
Dayaukku

3032-3085 / 728-675
Xshatrita II
3085-3107 / 675-653
Madyas (the Scythian)

3107-3135 / 653-625
Huwaxshatra (Cyaxares I, Ahashverosh I)

3135-3175 / 625-585
Ishtumegu, Arshtivaiga (Astyages)

3175-3210 / 585-550
Huwaxshatra II (Cyaxares II, "Darius the Mede")

3210-3224 / 550-536

 

Kings of the Medes and Persians

Achaemenid Dynasty

Kings

Years (Jewish / b.c.e.)
Hakxamanish

 
Chaishpish
 
Kurush I and Ariyaramna
 
Kambujiya I
 
Arshama

 
Kurush II (Cyrus the Great)

3210-3230 / 550-530
Kambujiya II (Ahashverosh II)
3230-3239 / 530-521
Bardiya [Gaumata / Vahyazdata]

3239 / 521
Darayavaush I Vishtaspa (Artaxshashta / Ahashverosh III)

3239-3274 / 521-486
Xshayarshan I

3274-3295 / 486-465
Artaxshashta * I
3295-3336 / 465-424
Xshayarshan II
3336-3337 / 424-423
Sogdiyan
3337 / 423
Darayavaush II
3337-3356 / 423-404
Artaxshashta * II
3356-3402 / 404-358
Artaxshashta * III
3402-3422 / 358-338
Arshan (Artaxshashta * IV)
3422-3424 / 338-336
Darayavaush III
3424-3430 / 336-330

 

* Artaxshashta is a title, not a name.
All king names in this colour, after Xshayarshan I, are not verified by historic documents; it is the list according to Greek historians.

 

 

The Ancient Armenians

The ancestors of modern Armenians established their kingdom in the Ararat region, that was known by the Assyrians as "Tilgarimmu" - the biblical Togarma -. Related with the Hittites and Hurrians, their territory was kept aside of the conquest targets, which allowed them to keep their own monarchs even under Assyrian rule, until the Persians annexed Urartu and the Macedonians conquered Nairi.

Kings of Nairi-Urartu-Tilgarimmu


Haykazuni Dynasty
Kings (Patriarchs)

Years (Jewish / b.c.e.)
Hayk

~ 1270 /~ 2490
Armenak
1734-1780 / 2026-1980
Aramaiyis

1780-1820 / 1980-1940
Amasiya

1820-1852 / 1940-1908
Gegham, Sisak

1852-1902 / 1908-1858
Arma

1902-1933 / 1858-1827
Aram

1933-1991 / 1827-1769
Aray

1991-2017 / 1769-1743
Kardos

2017-2035 / 1743-1725
Anushavan Sosanver

2035-2098 / 1725-1662
Paret

2098-2148 / 1662-1612
Arbak

2148-2192 / 1612-1568
Zavan
2192-2229 / 1568-1531
Parnak I
2229-2282 / 1531-1478
Sur
2282-2327 / 1478-1433
Honak (Havatak)
2327-2357 / 1433-1403
Vashtak
2357-2379 / 1403-1381
Haykak I (Hukkanas)

2381-2397 / 1381-1363
Ambak I
2397-2411 / 1363-1349
Arnak
2411-2428 / 1349-1332
Shavarsh I
2428-2434 / 1332-1326
Norayr
2434-2458 / 1326-1302
Vstam
2458-2471 / 1302-1289
Karanni
2471-2475 / 1289-1285
Gorak
2475-2493 / 1285-1267
Hrant
2493-2518 / 1267-1242
Yndzak
2518-2533 / 1242-1227
Glak
2533-2563 / 1227-1197
Horoy
2563-2566 / 1197-1194
Zarmayr
2566-2580 / 1194-1180
Shavarsh II
2580-2623 / 1180-1137
Perch I
2623-2658 / 1137-1102
Arbun
2658-2685 / 1102-1075
Perch II
2685-2725 / 1075-1035
Bazuk
2725-2775 / 1035-985
Hoy
2775-2819 / 985-941
Husak
2819-2850 / 941-910
Ambak II
2850-2877 / 910-883
Kaypak
2877-2922 / 883-838
Parnavaz
2922-2955 / 838-805
Parnak II
2955-2995 / 805-765
Skayordi
2995-3012 / 765-748

Kingdom Arme-Supria (Nairi), under Urartu
Kings

Years (Jewish / b.c.e.)
Paroyr

3012-3060 / 748-700
Hracheay
3060-3082 / 700-678
Parnavaz

3082-3095 / 678-665
Pachoych

3095-3130 / 665-630
Kornak

3130-3138 / 630-622
Pharos

3138-3155 / 622-605


Kingdom Arme-Supria (Nairi)
Kings
Years (Jewish / b.c.e.)
Haykak II

3155-3191 / 605-569
Yervand Sakavakeats

3191-3195 / 569-565
Tigran I

3195-3240 / 565-520
Vahagn

3240-3267 / 520-493
Aravan
3267-3285 / 493-475
Nerseh
3285-3320 / 475-440
Zare
3320-3366 / 440-394
Armog
3366-3375 / 394-385
Bagam
3375-3389 / 385-371
Vahan
3389-3409 / 371-351
Vahe
3409-3429 / 351- 331

Biaynili Dynasty of Urartu

Kings

Years (Jewish / b.c.e.)
Aramu

2900-2914 / 860-846
Sarduris I
2914-2935 / 846-825
Ishpuinis

2935-2950 / 825-810
Menuas I

2950-2972 / 810-788
Inushpua

2972-2974 / 788-786
Argyshtis I

2974-2996 / 786-764
Sarduris II

2996-3025 / 764-735
Rusas I

3025-3047 / 735-713
Argyshtis II

3047-3075 / 713-685
Rusas II

3075-3115 / 685-645


Biaynili Dynasty of Urartu, under Assyrian Sovereignty

Kings
Years (Jewish / b.c.e.)
Sarduris III

3115-3125 / 645-635
Sarduris IV

3125-3135 / 635-625
Erimenas
3135-3150 / 625-610
Rusas III, Irgias
3150-3160 / 610-600
Rusas IV
3160-3170 / 600-590
Menuas II
3170-3180 / 590-580